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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Task force</span></span>

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</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span>"Task group" redirects here; not to be confused with <a href="Task_group_(sociology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Task group (sociology)">Task group (sociology)</a>.</span> <span class="selfref">For task forces on Wikipedia projects, see WP:TF.</span> <span>For other uses, see <a href="Task_force_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Task force (disambiguation)">Task force (disambiguation)</a>.</span></div>

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<p>A <b>task force</b> (<b>TF</b>) is a <a href="Military_organization" title="Military organization">unit or formation</a> established to work on a single defined task or activity. Originally introduced by the <a href="United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">United States Navy</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-RobTFs_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RobTFs-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the term has now caught on for general usage and is a standard part of <a href="NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a> terminology. Many non-military organizations now create "task forces" or task groups for temporary activities that might have once been performed by <i><a href="Ad_hoc" title="Ad hoc">ad hoc (designated purpose)</a></i> <a href="Committee" title="Committee">committees</a>. In non-military contexts, <a href="Working_group" title="Working group">working groups</a> are sometimes called task forces.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Military">Military</h2></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Naval">Naval</h3></div>

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</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable dablink excerpt-hat selfref">This section is an excerpt from <a href="Naval_task_force" title="Naval task force">Naval task force</a>.<span class="mw-editsection-like "><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a class="external text external" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Naval_task_force&action=edit">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><div class="excerpt">

<p>The concept of a <a href="Naval_task_force" title="Naval task force">naval task force</a> or simply task force is as old as <a href="Navies" class="mw-redirect" title="Navies">navies</a>, and prior to that time the assembly of ships for naval operations was referred to as <a href="Naval_fleet" title="Naval fleet">fleets</a>, <a href="Division_(naval)" title="Division (naval)">divisions</a>, or on the smaller scale, <a href="Squadron_(naval)" title="Squadron (naval)">squadrons</a>, and <a href="Flotilla" title="Flotilla">flotillas</a>.

</p><p>Before <a href="World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, ships were collected into <a href="Division_(naval)" title="Division (naval)">divisions</a> derived from the <a href="Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">Royal Navy</a>'s "division" of the <a href="Line_of_battle" title="Line of battle">line of battle</a> in which one squadron usually remained under the direct command of the <a href="Admiral_of_the_Fleet" class="mw-redirect" title="Admiral of the Fleet">Admiral of the Fleet</a>, one squadron was commanded by a <a href="Vice_Admiral" class="mw-redirect" title="Vice Admiral">Vice Admiral</a>, and one by a <a href="Rear_Admiral" class="mw-redirect" title="Rear Admiral">Rear Admiral</a>, each flying a different <a href="List_of_command_flags_of_the_Royal_Navy" title="List of command flags of the Royal Navy">command flag</a>, hence the terms <a href="Flagship" title="Flagship">flagship</a> and <a href="Flag_officer" title="Flag officer">flag officer</a>. The names "Vice" (second) and "Rear" might have derived from sailing positions within the line at the moment of <a href="Engagement_(military)" title="Engagement (military)">engagement</a>. In the late 19th century ships were collected in numbered <a href="Squadron_(naval)" title="Squadron (naval)">squadrons</a>, which were assigned to named (such as the <a href="Asiatic_Fleet" class="mw-redirect" title="Asiatic Fleet">Asiatic Fleet</a>) and later numbered <a href="Naval_fleet" title="Naval fleet">fleets</a>.

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A task force can be assembled using ships from different divisions and squadrons, without requiring a formal and permanent fleet reorganization, and can be easily dissolved following completion of the operational task. The task force concept worked very well, and by the end of World War II about 100 task forces had been created in the U.S. Navy alone.</div></div>

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</style><div id="Army_units_and_organization2043" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Military_organization" title="Military organization"><span class="wrap">Army units and organization</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="Sub-subunit" title="Sub-subunit">Subordinated<br>element</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Fireteam" title="Fireteam">Fireteam</a> / <a href="Crew" title="Crew">Crew</a>  <b>Ø</b> </li></ul>

<ul><li><a href="Squad" title="Squad">Squad</a>  ● </li></ul>

<ul><li><a href="Section_(military_unit)" title="Section (military unit)">Section</a> / <a href="Patrol" title="Patrol">Patrol</a>  ●●</li></ul>

<ul><li><a href="Platoon" title="Platoon">Platoon</a> / <a href="Troop" title="Troop">Troop</a> / <a href="Flight_(military_unit)#Ground_flights" title="Flight (military unit)">Flight</a> ●●● </li></ul>

<ul><li><a href="Staffel_(unit)" title="Staffel (unit)">Staffel</a> / Echelon  ●●●● </li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Unit</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Company_(military_unit)" title="Company (military unit)">Company</a> / <a href="Artillery_battery" title="Artillery battery">Battery</a> / <a href="Squadron_(aviation)" title="Squadron (aviation)">Squadron</a> <b>❘</b> </li></ul>

<ul><li><a href="Battalion" title="Battalion">Battalion</a> / <a href="Squadron_(army)" title="Squadron (army)">Squadron</a> / <a href="Cohort_(military_unit)" title="Cohort (military unit)">Cohort</a> <b>❘ ❘</b> </li></ul>

<ul><li><a href="Regiment" title="Regiment">Regiment</a> / <a href="Group_(military_unit)#Groups_in_armies" title="Group (military unit)">Group</a>  <b>❘ ❘ ❘</b>  </li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Formation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Brigade" title="Brigade">Brigade</a> / <a href="Group_(military_aviation_unit)" class="mw-redirect" title="Group (military aviation unit)">Group</a> / <a href="Wing_(military_aviation_unit)" class="mw-redirect" title="Wing (military aviation unit)">Wing</a> <b>☓</b> </li></ul>

<ul><li><a href="Division_(military)" title="Division (military)">Division</a> / <a href="List_of_military_legions" title="List of military legions">Legion</a> <b>☓☓</b> </li></ul>

<ul><li><a href="Corps" title="Corps">Corps</a> <b>☓☓☓</b> </li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Command</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Field_army" title="Field army">Field army</a> / <a href="Command_(military_formation)" title="Command (military formation)">Command</a> <b>☓☓☓☓</b> </li></ul>

<ul><li><a href="Army_group" title="Army group">Army group</a> / <a href="Front_(military_formation)" title="Front (military formation)">Front</a> <b>☓☓☓☓☓</b> </li></ul>

<ul><li><a href="Region#Military_regions" title="Region">Region</a> / <a href="Theater_(warfare)" title="Theater (warfare)">Theater</a> <b>☓☓☓☓☓☓</b> </li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Temporary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Detachment_(military)" title="Detachment (military)">Detachment</a></li>

<li><a href="Chalk_(military)" title="Chalk (military)">Chalk</a></li>

<li><a href="Patrol#Military" title="Patrol">Patrol</a></li>

<li><a href="Field_force" title="Field force">Field force</a></li>

<li><a href="Brigade_group" title="Brigade group">Brigade group</a></li>

<li><a href="Flying_column" title="Flying column">Flying column</a></li>

<li><a href="Combat_command" title="Combat command">Combat command</a></li>

<li><a href="Regimental_combat_team" title="Regimental combat team">Regimental combat team</a></li>

<li><a href="Battalion_tactical_group" title="Battalion tactical group">Battalion tactical group</a></li>

<li><a href="Battlegroup_(army)" title="Battlegroup (army)">Battlegroup</a></li>

<li><a href="Group_army_(military_unit)" title="Group army (military unit)">Group army</a></li>

<li><a href="Combat_team" title="Combat team">Combat team</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<p>In the <a href="U.S._Army" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Army">U.S. Army</a>, a task force is a <a href="Battalion" title="Battalion">battalion</a>-sized (usually, although there are variations in size) <i>ad hoc</i> unit formed by attaching smaller elements of other units. A <a href="Company_(military_unit)" title="Company (military unit)">company</a>-sized unit with an <a href="Armored_warfare" class="mw-redirect" title="Armored warfare">armored</a> or <a href="Mechanized_infantry" title="Mechanized infantry">mechanized infantry</a> unit attached is called a <i>company team</i>. A similar unit at the <a href="Brigade" title="Brigade">brigade</a> level is called a <i><a href="Brigade_combat_team" title="Brigade combat team">brigade combat team</a></i> (BCT), and there is also a similar <i><a href="Regimental_combat_team" title="Regimental combat team">Regimental combat team</a></i> (RCT).

</p><p>In the <a href="British_Army" title="British Army">British Army</a> and the armies of other <a href="Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Commonwealth of Nations">Commonwealth countries</a>, such units are traditionally known as <a href="Battlegroup_(army)" title="Battlegroup (army)">battlegroups</a>.

</p><p>The <a href="1st_Australian_Task_Force" title="1st Australian Task Force">1st Australian Task Force</a> (1 ATF) was a <a href="Brigade" title="Brigade">brigade</a>-sized formation which commanded <a href="Australian_Army" title="Australian Army">Australian</a> and <a href="New_Zealand_Army" title="New Zealand Army">New Zealand Army</a> units deployed to <a href="South_Vietnam" title="South Vietnam">South Vietnam</a> between 1966 and 1972.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> More recently, Australian task forces have been designated to cover temporary support elements such the battalion-sized force which operated in <a href="Urozgan_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Urozgan Province">Urozgan Province</a>, Afghanistan from 2006 to 2013,<sup id="cite_ref-APH_Afghanistan_chronology_as_of_2010_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-APH_Afghanistan_chronology_as_of_2010-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="Northern_Territory_National_Emergency_Response" title="Northern Territory National Emergency Response">Northern Territory Emergency Response Task Force</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_data_regarding_military_US_task_forces">Other data regarding military US task forces</h3></div>

<ul><li>Some task forces are named after their commander, such as <a href="Dunsterforce" title="Dunsterforce">Dunsterforce</a>.</li>

<li><a href="Task_Force_Tarawa" title="Task Force Tarawa">Task Force Tarawa</a>, the name given the <a href="2nd_Marine_Expeditionary_Brigade" class="mw-redirect" title="2nd Marine Expeditionary Brigade">2nd Marine Expeditionary Brigade</a> during the <a href="2003_invasion_of_Iraq" title="2003 invasion of Iraq">2003 invasion of Iraq</a> <a href="Operation_Iraqi_Freedom" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Iraqi Freedom">Operation Iraqi Freedom</a>. They were a <a href="Marine_Air-Ground_Task_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="Marine Air-Ground Task Force">Marine Air-Ground Task Force</a> commanded by Brigadier General Richard Natonski, attached to the <a href="I_Marine_Expeditionary_Force" title="I Marine Expeditionary Force">I Marine Expeditionary Force</a>.</li>

<li><a href="Task_Force_Leatherneck" title="Task Force Leatherneck">Task Force Leatherneck</a> is the name given the 2nd Marine Expeditionary Brigade during their 2009 operations in Afghanistan as part of Operation Enduring Freedom. They are a Marine Air-Ground Task Force commanded by Brigadier General Larry Nicholson, assigned to work under the <a href="International_Security_Assistance_Force" title="International Security Assistance Force">International Security Assistance Force</a>.</li>

<li>US Army Task Force Lethal is the name for 2-12 Infantry battalion out of Fort Carson, Colorado. Part of the Army's 4th Infantry Division, 4th Brigade Combat Team, 2nd Battalion, 12th Infantry Regiment Task Force Lethal. Some of the heaviest firefights US troops were engaged in were in the Kunar province by teams of Task Force Lethal, there to replace members of the 173rd Airborne units and their outpost Restrepo. Task Force Lethal is assigned to work as part of the International Security Assistance Force. Task Force Lethal prides itself as one of the Army's premier multi-task light Infantry units that has trained at home in the mountainous regions of the Rocky Mountains in Colorado and excels at high altitude warfare. The commandos of Task Force Lethal have remained one of the US Army's most elite task forces in the global <a href="War_on_Terror" class="mw-redirect" title="War on Terror">War on Terror</a> since the start in 2003.</li>

<li><a href="Task_Force_1-41_Infantry" title="Task Force 1-41 Infantry">Task Force 1-41 Infantry</a> was a U.S. Army heavy battalion task force which took part in the <a href="Gulf_War" title="Gulf War">Gulf War</a> of January–March 1991. Task Force 1-41 Infantry was the first coalition force to breach the Saudi Arabian border on 15 February 1991 and conduct ground combat operations in Iraq engaging in direct and indirect fire fights with the enemy on 17 February 1991. It consisted primarily of the 1st Battalion, 41st Infantry Regiment, 3rd Battalion, 66th Armor Regiment, and the 4th Battalion, 3rd Field Artillery Regiment, all being part of the 2nd Armored Division (Forward), based at Lucius D. Clay Kaserne, 24 kilometres (15 mi) north of Bremen, in the Federal Republic of Germany.</li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Government">Government</h2></div>

<p>In government or business a task force is a temporary organization created to solve a particular problem. It is considered to be a more formal <i>ad hoc</i> <a href="Committee" title="Committee">committee</a>.

A taskforce, or more commonly, task force, is a special committee, usually of <a href="Expert" title="Expert">experts</a>, formed expressly for the purpose of studying a particular problem. The task force usually performs some sort of an <a href="Audit" title="Audit">audit</a> to assess the current situation, then draws up a list of all the current problems present and evaluates which ones merit fixing and which ones are actually fixable. The task force would then formulate a set of solutions to the problems and pick the "best" solution to each problem, as determined by some set of standards. For example, a task force set up to eliminate excessive government spending might consider a "best" solution to be one that saves the most money. Normally, the task force then presents its findings and proposed solutions to the institution that called for its formation; it is then up to the institution itself to actually act upon the task force's recommendations.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Business">Business</h2></div>

<p>In business, task forces are initiated similar to military situations to form an ad hoc group of persons that focus on a specific subject, which needs urgent addressing, resolutions or results.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Subject-specific task forces are very common.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> NASA lessons contain information from different task forces.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<ul><li><a href="Internet_Engineering_Task_Force" title="Internet Engineering Task Force">Internet Engineering Task Force</a></li>

<li><a href="Joint_Task_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="Joint Task Force">Joint Task Force</a></li>

<li><a href="Kampfgruppe" title="Kampfgruppe">Kampfgruppe</a></li>

<li><a href="Space_Task_Group" title="Space Task Group">Space Task Group</a></li>

<li><a href="Task_management" title="Task management">Task management</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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</style><cite id="CITEREFRobinson,_Colin_D.2020" class="citation journal cs1">Robinson, Colin D. (January 2020). "The U.S. Navy's task forces: 1–199". <i>Defence and Security Analysis</i>. <b>36</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">109–</span>110. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F14751798.2020.1712028">10.1080/14751798.2020.1712028</a>. <a href="S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:213678034">213678034</a>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFHorner2008" class="citation book cs1">Horner, David, ed. (2008). <i>Duty First: A History of the Royal Australian Regiment</i> (Second ed.). Crows Nest, New South Wales: Allen & Unwin. p. 177. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>9781741753745</bdi>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-APH_Afghanistan_chronology_as_of_2010-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-APH_Afghanistan_chronology_as_of_2010_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFBrangwinRann2010" class="citation web cs1">Brangwin, Nicole; Rann, Anne (16 July 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aph.gov.au/About_Parliament/Parliamentary_Departments/Parliamentary_Library/pubs/BN/1011/MilitaryInvolvementAfghanistan">"Australia's military involvement in Afghanistan since 2001: a chronology"</a>. Parliament of Australia<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 December</span> 2016</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100824180209/http://www.defence.gov.au/opEx/global/opoutreach/index.htm">"Operation OUTREACH"</a>. <i>Global Operations</i>. Department of Defence. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.defence.gov.au/opEx/global/opoutreach/index.htm">the original</a> on 24 August 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 July</span> 2010</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFBortal2016" class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Bortal, Karim (2016), Bortal, Karim (ed.), "Task Force", <i>Task Force Management: Leitfaden für Manager</i> (in German), Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, pp. <span class="nowrap">1–</span>34, <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-3-662-46728-2_1">10.1007/978-3-662-46728-2_1</a>, <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-3-662-46728-2</bdi></cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pmi.org/learning/library/quality-management-9107">"Quality Management | PMI"</a>. <i>www.pmi.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-07-17</span></span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFHoffpauir2015" class="citation web cs1">Hoffpauir, Daniel (2015-04-30). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasa.gov/offices/oce/functions/lessons/index.html">"NASA Lessons Learned"</a>. <i>NASA</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-07-17</span></span>.</cite></span>

</li>

</ol></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div>

<ul><li>Timothy M. Bonds, Myron Hura, Thomas-Durrell Young (2010). <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rand.org/pubs/monographs/MG675-1.html">Enhancing Army Joint Force Headquarters Capabilities</a></i>. Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corporation.</li></ul></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

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